He was awarded his first degree at the age sixteen and in following year he was awarded his doctorate for a thesis on thermodynamics. Two years later, when he was eleven, he was given permission to attend lectures at the École Polytechnique although he could not officially enter at this time despite having gained the required academic level. Joseph showed remarkable talents as a child and by the age of nine he understood algebra and elementary geometry, as well as being able to speak Latin fluently. It is worth noting at this stage that Joseph had a sister Louise who married Hermite in 1848. Of course this sad event did have the beneficial effect that Joseph was guided by Duhamel. Alexandre was a writer of popular science books but sadly he died young and after this tragic event Joseph, who was nine years old, went to live with Duhamel and his wife. Alexandre had studied at the École Polytechnique where he had become friends with Jean-Marie Duhamel who later married Alexandre Bertrand's sister. Biography Joseph Bertrand's father was Alexandre Jacques François Bertrand and his mother was Marie Caroline Belin.
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