![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 2Īmericans were disadvantaged in the use of ciphers because they had none when the war started, while the British military had experienced cryptographers. James Lovell, a known cryptographer, exchanged letters with John Adams, but his cipher was so complex that Adams never understood Lovell’s messages. Ciphers had to confuse the enemy, yet be simple enough for the receiving party to decipher. One favored tactic was the use of ciphers or codes that concealed information in correspondence, because mail was often intercepted by the enemy. Tallmadge and Washington collaborated to develop espionage tactics throughout the war. ![]() Major Benjamin Tallmadge was the group’s leading figure and its liaison with Washington. Spies kept tabs on the British and planted false information regarding the American military effort. 1 During the Revolutionary War, Washington centralized intelligence operations, created spy rings, emphasized use of codes and invisible ink, and employed various other espionage tactics.Īs commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, Washington oversaw various spy rings during the Revolution. While serving in the French and Indian War, George Washington experimented with organizing groups of spies and discovered the importance of codes and ciphers for wartime correspondence. Spy tactics are crucial to gaining military advantages over enemy troops. ![]()
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